Notebookerrs Blog

Plastic is handy we go to market, shop, get things packed with plastic, we use and dispose them. From water to soft drinks, they come in PET bottle which is a common form of Plastic, Polyethylene terephthalate. Plastic pollution is a growing problem for the world we know, though plastics can be produced easily but it needs a lot of time to degrade naturally, PET bottles degrade in more than 450 years , other plastics may take more than 1000 years. Though plastics can be recycled but because of lack of awareness or will only 15% or less is recycled every year. About 1 million plastic bottles are sold every minute around the globe and if the recycling proportion is this little then its a huge problem. In 2016 there was a discovery by the Japanese Scientist. A Bacterium, named Ideonella sakaiensis , was found from waste dump that can eat one of the most common plastic form PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). It was thought to be a huge turning point in plastic recycling.

How we quench thirst We feel thirsty we drink water that's simple. But what happens in the biology of our body? Let's have a look Why we feel thirsty? There have receptors in our blood vessels to measure the salt content in the blood. When water level in our body gets low the salt density gets high and the receptors send signal to the brain that we need to drink water, this feeling is what we call Thirst. But interesting thing is when we are very thirsty if we sip water slowly or have a piece of watermelon ( which is 90% water ) we don't feel satisfied. The Thirst is quenched only when we gulp water, even if we consume the same amount of water if sipped. So why we gulp? According to a researchers group from California Institute of Technology, this works in a cycle called Thirst Circuit. There is a part in brain MnPO (Median preoptic nucleus) which, with the help of other parts of the Brain named SFO & OVLT does the work. It takes

Mirror is a smooth surface where specular reflection takes place. A flat mirror produces an image of equal size and shape. But other than flat mirror there are Concave mirror Convex mirror Convex Mirror A convex mirror is type of curved mirror which bulges outwards, or to the source of the light. It basically diverge the light, because of this these mirrors are also called diverging mirror. Light rays parallel to the axis of the mirror diverge in different directions. As the surface of the mirror is curved perpendicular to the surface is different on every point that's the reason of divergence. After the reflection the light rays are seems to be coming from a point. This point is called Focus. This point is an imaginary point since it's inside the mirror. The distance of the focus from the surface is half the radius of curvature of the mirror. So bigger the radius of curvature of the mirror, smaller the effect of divergence of light. As the f

Reflection of light is a phenomenon of bouncing back of light after hitting a surface. When a ray of light falls on a surface some of the light reflects, some passes through the surface (refract) and some gets absorbed by the surface. As of now we are talking about reflection only. When the surface is smooth like mirror or polished metal surface the kind of reflection takes place is called Specular Reflection. 2 things are to be noted here The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal ( perpendicular ) to the surface lie on the same plane The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are always equal They are called laws of reflection of light. But if the surface is not smooth like, wall or paper or screen the incident rays reflect in different directions and the light diffuse in the surrounding. This type of reflection is called Diffuse Reflection. Mirror Vs Screen In Mirror Specular Reflection takes place and the reflected ray of ligh

Incandescent lamp is very simple in construction and principle. Electrons when flow through a resistance generates heat. More the resistance more the heat. In this lamp a high resistance tungsten filament is used. When a voltage is applied the tungsten filament gets red hot and glows. The problem is when it glows it causes a slow evaporation of the tungsten filament. The evaporated tungsten deposits on the inner side of the glass bulb and blackens the bulb. This dims the glow of the bulb, and also there is a loss of material from the filament. Eventually the filament weakens and breaks. To solve this problem this bulb is modified a little bit. Halogen materials are chemicals elements that are very active to react with metal and form salt. Iodine and Bromine are halogen. In a halogen lamp a little bit of Bromine or Iodine is introduced inside the bulb. When the tungsten evaporates it reacts with the Bromine/Iodine and form salt. And at higher temperature the sal

1. Rhinoceros or commonly known as rhinos are found in Africa and asia Continent. They are 5 species of Rhinos     White Rhino Black Rhino Indian Rhino Javan Rhino Sumatran Rhino 2. White Rhinos are found in Africa. Though they are grey in color the name “ White ” came from “ Wide ” to refer their wide mouth and not color. 3. White Rhinos are said to have Two subspecies Northern White Rhinos Southern White Rhinos 4.  By the last census 2007 Southern White Rhinos are most abundant and are 17500 in numbers. But Northern white Rhinos are critically Endangered. 5. There were only 3 Northern White Rhinos Sudan Najin (Sudan’s Daughter ) Fatu (Sudan's grandDaughter) All were living in Ol Peteja Conservancy, Kenya 6. Because of age and infertility, they could not reproduce naturally. Though artificial reproduction attempts were made but failed. 7. On 18th March, 2018 Sudan, the Last male northern White Rhino died because